Image File Format

 raster (bitmap)

jpg - A digital image file that uses a compression process to store and share photos
png. Stands for Joint Photographic Experts.

gif - A GIF file is a raster image file that supports animation and uses the .gif extension. GIFs are often used to create short, looping videos

bmp - BMP file, or bitmap file, is a raster image file format that stores digital images. BMP files are uncompressed and are known for their high image quality. 

psd - Photoshop Document, adobe file used to store and edit images in potoshop. Photoshop files include multiple layers allowing for edits that is not possible in other file formats such as jpg. It is a highly regarded raster file which could also be classified as vector. 

tiff-  A TIFF stands for Tag Image File Format file is a raster image file format that stores high-quality images

heic - HEIC stands for High Efficiency Image Container. The format is an updated variant of the High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF), traditionally used by Apple across its mobile devices. Used for storing images and image sequences.

psb - PSB, or Photoshop Large Document Format, is a file format used for very large images. It's an extension of the PSD format, which is the standard file format for Photoshop. 
camera raw

raster editors

adobe photoshop (psd) is a program able open and edit PSD files. PSD is the native file format for Photoshop. Allows for a variety of designs.

photopea - Photopea is an alternative program to photoshop which includes similiar tools although lesser in terms of style and editing is a better option for those who can't seem to open photoshop and is very good could help with professional design. This is also a raster editor allowing you to edit many things. 

gimp - GIMP is another one of editing software similar to Photopea allowing for a better alternative for those that can not work with photoshop. 

procreate - Procreate is another program/software which allows for the designs specialty in art giving more options for the people, it is a highly regarded for the art many graphic designers use to make.

vector
ai -  adobe illustrator files that allows for multiple layers and tools within illustrator to edit properly when opened.

 pdf - a file format that lets users share and view documents across different devices and operating systems. 

svg - Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is a vector image format that uses XML to define two-dimensional graphics. 
 
indd -  indesign file that lets you edit on adobe indesign with multiple layers and tools working to your advantage, allows to save better.

 eps - a vector file format often required for professional and high-quality image printing
 
 ait - An AIT file is an Adobe Illustrator template file. It can store custom color swatches, font and graphic style defaults, and artboard layouts

vector image editors 

adobe illustrator (ai) - adobe program that allows for the better editing in terms of points, lines as well as art which is often compared to photoshop. 

 adobe indesign (indd) - Adobe program that allows for editing in terms of type, line, page layouts and logos/branding often used for font related such as logos.

 adobe photoshop (psd) -  Photoshop is both a vector and raster editor as it allows for use of shape, draw as well as working with types often regarded as the best adobe program.

 coreldraw (cdr) - CorelDRAW is a vector graphics editor developed and marketed by Alludo

 adobe animate (fla) - a program for creating animations for games, cartoons, banners, very good for motion graphics 

layout

indd - a page layout created in Adobe InDesign, a desktop publishing program

idml - InDesign Markup Language files are used by Adobe InDesign to store and manage layout information for various types of documents, including brochures, magazines, and books.

layout editors
adobe indesign (indd) - Indesigns helps to edit with format layouts alongside many other such as typography.

adobe illustrator (ai) - Adobe Illustrator, you edit layouts primarily by using the "Artboard" tool to organize, resize, duplicate, and manipulate individual artboards within a document

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